Touchstone Pictures was a film distribution label of Walt Disney Studios Motion Pictures. Previously, it operated as an active film production banner of The Walt Disney Studios, owned by The Walt Disney Company. Established on February 15, 1984 by then-Disney CEO Ron W. Miller as Touchstone Films. Its releases are typically more adult orientated than those under the Disney label, although the features: Who Framed Roger Rabbit and The Nightmare Before Christmas, which used to be released under the Touchstone banner, are now considered as \"Disney\" movies (the former featured Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck, and many other Disney characters, though it also featured characters from other studios while the latter was featured in the Kingdom Hearts series: a Disney/Square Enix video game crossover and the latter was released under Walt Disney Pictures upon its theatrical re-release in 2007). Another Touchstone film, Reign of Fire may also be considered as a \"Disney\" movie. Touchstone Pictures merely serves as a Disney-related brand, not a distinct business operation, and did not exist as a separate company. Their most commercially successful production partners over the years include Jerry Bruckheimer, Caravan Pictures, Summit Entertainment, Columbia Pictures, Warner Bros Pictures, Paramount Pictures, Universal Pictures, Icon Productions, Imagine Entertainment, Mandeville Films, Focus Features, Spyglass Entertainment, and DreamWorks Pictures. The origins of Touchstone Pictures can be traced to the 1979 release of The Black Hole, a science fiction film that sparked controversy due to the fact that it was the first Disney film to receive a PG rating (although Disney had already distributed its first PG rated film, Take Down, without the Disney name visible). Over the next few years, Disney experimented with more PG-rated fare, such as the 1981 film, Condorman, 1982\'s Tron, and 1983\'s Trenchcoat. The latter film attracted major criticism for including adult themes that were considered inappropriate for a Disney film. The controversy over Trenchcoat is generally considered the catalyst that sparked the creation of Touchstone Pictures. One title suggested for the new company was Hyperion Pictures, named after the location of the studio in the 1930s before the move to Burbank.